Functions and Types of Piles


Piles are structural elements used to transfer the building's load to the harder soil beneath the surface. They are typically used when the surface soil is soft or not strong enough to support the load.

Functions of Piles Supporting heavy structures (buildings, bridges, piers) Preventing land subsidence (settlement) Transferring loads to hard soil layers Increasing structural stability 

Types of Piles
1. Based on Material Concrete → most common, strong and durable Steel → strong, suitable for hard soil Wood → for lightweight structures (rarely used now)
2. Based on How It Works End-Bearing Pile (Stump Pile) Transfers loads directly to the hard soil below Friction Pile (Friction Pile)

Resists loads through friction between the pile and the soil

Simple Formula for Pile Bearing Capacity The bearing capacity of a pile can be calculated as:
Q = Q_p + Q_s
Where: Q = total bearing capacity
Qp = end-bearing capacity of the pile
Qs = cover bearing capacity (friction)

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