Indian Or Native American

The term "Indian" (often called "Native American," "Indigenous peoples of the Americas," or simply "Indigenous peoples") refers to the original inhabitants of the American continents — the peoples who lived in North, Central, and South America long before European explorers arrived. 

Origins and distribution
Their ancestors migrated from Asia into the Americas across a land bridge called Beringia (between Siberia and Alaska) during the last Ice Age, thousands of years ago, and then spread throughout the continents. 
Over millennia these populations developed hundreds of distinct societies, languages, and cultures adapted to environments from Arctic tundra to tropical rainforest. 

Cultural diversity
There is no single "Indian" culture: tribes and nations such as the Navajo, Cherokee, Sioux, Apache, Iroquois, Maya, Aztec, and Inca each have their own languages, customs, spiritual beliefs, and social structures. 
Some groups were hunter-gatherers or nomadic hunters; others developed agriculture, complex cities, and large empires (for example, the Aztec and Inca). 

History since European contact
When European explorers arrived (starting in the late 15th century), they often mistakenly called the native peoples "Indians" because they thought they had reached Asia; the name persisted in English. 
Contact brought dramatic change: disease, warfare, displacement, and colonization severely reduced many Indigenous populations and disrupted traditional ways of life. 

Modern situation
Today Indigenous peoples continue to live across the Americas, maintaining languages and cultural traditions, while also participating in modern national societies; many face ongoing challenges such as land rights disputes, cultural preservation, and social and economic inequalities. 

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