Tear Gas Composition

Tear gas, also known as lacrimator agents, primarily consists of chemical irritants designed to cause temporary eye and respiratory irritation. The most common type is CS gas, chemically known as 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile with the formula C₁₀H₅ClN₂. Other variants include CN gas (2-chloroacetophenone) and OC gas (oleoresin capsicum from peppers).

Chemical Composition
CS gas dominates modern tear gas use, making up about 45% of grenade payloads alongside propellants like potassium chlorate (30%), epoxy resin (14%), and anhydrides.

Delivery systems add fuels such as charcoal, sucrose, potassium nitrate, and binders like nitrocellulose to disperse the fine particulate irritant. These activate pain receptors TRPA1 or TRPV1, triggering tears and burning sensations 

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