Thermodinamics

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that studies how heat energy is converted into other forms of energy, such as work, and how it relates to temperature, pressure, volume, and the properties of matter.

Basic definition
Thermodynamics: The study of heat, work, temperature, energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation. 
It explains how energy is transferred between systems and how it changes from one form to another. 

Here are some common thermodynamics terms:
Heat → energy transferred because of temperature difference. 
Work (work done) → energy transferred by a force acting through a distance. 
Temperature → measure of the average kinetic energy of particles. 
System → the object or region being studied (for example: closed system / isolated system).
Process → how the system changes from one state to another (e.g., isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric). 

Four main laws
Zeroth law: If two objects are each in thermal equilibrium with a third object, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other (that’s why we can define temperature). 

First law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it only changes form (law of conservation of energy; heat added = work done + change in internal energy). 

Second law: Natural processes tend to increase the total entropy (disorder) of the universe; heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder to a hotter body. 

Third law: The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero temperature approaches zero. 

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