Acid Rain and Its Effects

Acid rain is precipitation that contains unusually high levels of acidic compounds, mainly sulfuric acid and nitric acid. It forms when sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), released from factories, power plants, and vehicles, react with water vapor in the atmosphere.

Effects of Acid Rain
Damages forests and crops.
Acidifies lakes and rivers, harming aquatic life.
Erodes buildings, monuments, and infrastructure.
Can reduce soil quality by removing essential nutrients.

How It Forms
Industries and vehicles release SO₂ and NOₓ.
These gases react with water and oxygen in the atmosphere.
Acidic compounds form in clouds.
The acids fall to Earth as rain, snow, fog, or dry particles.
Acid rain became a major environmental issue during the 20th century, but many countries have reduced it by controlling industrial emissions and using cleaner technologies.

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